Italy

13C-14C: Proto-Renaissance

• CIMABUE
  • Santa Trinita Maestà (c. 1280-90)
• DI BONDONE Giotto
  • Scrovegni Chapel Frescoes (c. 1305)
  • Ognissanti Madonna (c. 1310)

15C: Early Renaissance

• BOTTICELLI Sandro
  • Primavera (c. 1482)
  • The Birth of Venus (c. 1485)
• DA VINCI Leonardo
  • The Last Supper (1495-98)
  • Mona Lisa (1503-06)
• MASACCIO
  • The Holy Trinity (c. 1427)

16C: High Renaissance

• BUONARROTI Michelangelo
  • David (1501-04)
  • Sistine Chapel Ceiling (1508-12)
  • The Last Judgment (1536-41)
• RAFFAELLO Sanzio
  • The School of Athens (1509-11)
  • Sistine Madonna (1512)

16C: Mannerism

• PONTORMO Jacopo
  • Deposition from the Cross (1528)

17C: Baroque

• CARAVAGGIO
  • The Calling of Saint Matthew (1599-1600)
  • Judith Beheading Holofernes (c. 1599)
• GENTILESCHI Artemisia
  • Judith Slaying Holofernes (c. 1614-20)

18C: Rococo

• CANALETTO
  • The Grand Canal (1730s)

20C: Futurism

• BALLA Giacomo
  • Dynamism of a Dog on a Leash (1912)
• BOCCIONI Umberto
  • Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (1913)

16C: Renaissance

• PALESTRINA Giovanni Pierluigi da
  • Missa Papae Marcelli (1562)

17C: Baroque

• MONTEVERDI Claudio
  • L’Orfeo (1607)
  • Vespro della Beata Vergine (1610)
• VIVALDI Antonio
  • The Four Seasons (1723)
  • Gloria (1715)

19C: Romanticism

• DONIZETTI Gaetano
  • Lucia di Lammermoor (1835)
• PUCCINI Giacomo
  • La Bohème (1896)
  • Tosca (1900)
  • Madama Butterfly (1904)
• ROSSINI Gioachino
  • The Barber of Seville (1816)
• VERDI Giuseppe
  • Rigoletto (1851)
  • La Traviata (1853)
  • Aida (1871)

20C: Modernism

• RESPIGHI Ottorino
  • Pines of Rome (1924)

BC 3C – AD 3C: Ancient Roman/Latin Literature

Early Age (BC 204 – BC 81)

• PLAUTUS | comedy
  • Aulularia
• TERENCE | comedy
  • Eunuchus
• ENNIUS | epic poetry
  • Annales

Golden Age (BC 81 – AD 14)

• CICERO | philosophy
  • In Defense of the Republic
  • On Government
  • On Living and Dying Well
  • On the Good Life
  • Orator
  • Stoic Paradoxes
• JULIUS CAESAR
  • The Civil War
  • The Conquest of Gaul
• CATULLUS | lyric poetry
• HORACE
  • Epodes
  • Odes
  • Satires
  • Epistles
  • 소박함의 지혜
• VIRGIL | epic poetry
  • Aeneid
• OVID | epic poetry
  • Metamorphoses

Imperial Period (AD 14 – 200)

• SENECA | philosophy
  • Letters from a Stoic
• LUCAN | epic poetry
  • Pharsalia
• JUVENAL | poetry
  • Satires
• PETRONIUS | novels
• APULEIUS | novels
  • Metamorphoses, or The Golden Ass
• TACITUS | history
  • Annals
• MARCUS AURELIUS
  • Meditations

13C-14C: Medieval

• ALIGHIERI Dante | epic poetry
  • Divine Comedy (1308–1320)
    1. Inferno
    2. Purgatorio
    3. Paradiso
• BOCCACCIO Giovanni
  • Decameron (1351)

14: Humanism

• PETRARCA Francesco | poetry
  • Il Canzoniere (1327–1368)
• POLO Marco | travel literature
  • The Travels of Marco Polo (1300)
• COLUMBUS Christopher | travel literature
  • The Four Voyages (1492–1502)

15C-16C: Renaissance

• ARIOSTO Ludovico
  • Orlando Furioso (1516)

• MACHIAVELLI Niccolò | political philosophy
  • The Prince (1532)

16C: Renaissance

• TASSO Torquato
  • Jerusalem Delivered (1581)

17C: Scientific Revolution

• GALILEI Galileo
  • Sidereus Nuncius (1610)
  • Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems (1632)

18C: Enlightenment

• BECCARIA Cesare
  • On Crimes and Punishments (1764)
• VICO Giambattista
  • The New Science (1725)

19C: Romanticism

• LEOPARDI Giacomo
  • Canti (1831)
• MANZONI Alessandro
  • The Betrothed: I Promessi Sposi (1827)

20C: Modernism

• CALVINO Italo
  • The Path to the Spiders’ Nests (1947)
  • The Cloven Viscount (1952)
  • The Baron in the Trees (1957)
  • The Nonexistent Knight (1959)
  • Marcovaldo (1963)
  • Cosmicomics (1965)
  • Difficult Loves (1970)
  • Invisible Cities (1972)
  • The Castle of Crossed Destinies (1973)
  • If on a Winter’s Night a Traveler (1979)
  • Mr. Palomar (1983)
• ECO Umberto
  • The Name of the Rose (1980)
  • History of Beauty

• PIRANDELLO Luigi | drama
  • Six Characters in Search of an Author (1921)

• VITTORINI Elio
  • Conversations in Sicily (1941)

※ For contemporary authors and works, check Books.